# European Tech Sovereignty / Open-Source Strategy Canonical URL: https://digital-acquis.eu/initiative/european-tech-sovereignty-open-source-strategy Entry type: initiative Source edition current through: 17 July 2026 (2026-07-17). This is not a page modification date. Status: delivered. A delivered initiative is not necessarily legislation in force. Instrument: Communication Date as recorded: 03 Jun 2026 Date kind: date Status note: full date links only to published artifact types ## Summary The EU Open Source Strategy positions open source as a component of European technological sovereignty, especially for public administrations. It seeks to reduce dependency on single vendors and lock-in, while making digital assets easier to discover, reuse and maintain. Planned work includes procurement guidance, operational guidance for open assets, support for open-source bodies and networks, collaboration on key shared assets, and common repository security baselines. ## Sources - [Official source]() - [Official source]() ## Action items (47; complete published list) ### 1. Action item 720001 Scale up the Open Internet Stack to provide a shared catalogue, a one-stop shop for open source building blocks and sovereign solutions in Europe. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 1. Digital dimension: no. ### 2. Action item 720002 Increase awareness of the EU sovereign tech solutions available, including by mobilising European, national and regional support networks (such asthe Enterprise Europe Network). This includes providing tools for private and public organisations to assess the sovereignty of their digital value chains, building on existing initiatives and the sovereignty framework introduced by the Cloud and AI Development Act. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 2. Digital dimension: no. ### 3. Action item 720003 Promote the development and uptake of open source solutions across the EU Digital Identity ecosystem, anchored by the Identity Wallet (EUID) and the European Business Wallet (EBW). The Commission will: Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 3. Digital dimension: no. ### 4. Action item 720004 i) provide tools to support the interoperability, integration and reuse of open source stacks, including a Software Development Kit to support integration of the EUID into relying-party systems and an open source reference implementation protocol for legally valid communication channels for the EBW; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 4. Digital dimension: no. ### 5. Action item 720005 ii) procure the development of open source solutions for the EBW, ensuring reuse of the European Digital Identity Framework standards and components; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 5. Digital dimension: no. ### 6. Action item 720006 iii) transfer the long-term stewardship of the open source reference implementations of the EUID and the EBW to the European Digital Public Infrastructure Foundation; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 6. Digital dimension: no. ### 7. Action item 720007 iv) provide support for implementing the fully open source age verification solution in cooperation with EUID open source communities. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 7. Digital dimension: no. ### 8. Action item 720008 Partner with Member States, in particular with the European Digital Infrastructure Consortium (EDIC) on the Digital Commons, and explore the possibility of launching an EDIC on digital education to facilitate the development and/or adoption of secure open source alternatives. In the short term, the priority will be on domains where EU open source alternatives are established, such as cloud infrastructure and digital workplace applications, with the view to reach at least 30 million active users by 2030 for open source collaboration and productivity tools, instant messaging and secure email. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 8. Digital dimension: no. ### 9. Action item 720009 Strengthen the open source social media space76 by supporting open and decentralised social media solutions and platforms. The Commission currently runs a Mastodon instance, which hosts the Commission’s presence and plans to extend the users basis to EU institutions. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 9. Digital dimension: no. ### 10. Action item 720010 Semiconductors: to develop, under the Chips Act 2.0, open source hardware IP such as the one based on RISC-V , targeted investment in open source electronic design automation tools; operating systems: computer operating systems, mobile operating systems, internet of things, robotics and drone operating systems; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 10. Digital dimension: no. ### 11. Action item 720011 future internet architecture: software development & delivery infrastructure; open source building blocks for the Web 4.0 and architectural frameworks for virtual worlds; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 11. Digital dimension: no. ### 12. Action item 720012 cloud stack: software stack supporting the European cloud-to-edge continuum, expanding across the compute, connectivity, data and AI service layers; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 12. Digital dimension: no. ### 13. Action item 720013 software development infrastructure (DevOps) to accelerate software delivery, enhance security and improve code quality and federating tools for regulatory compliance, dependencies identification, and vulnerability management; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 13. Digital dimension: no. ### 14. Action item 720014 AI stack: to focus on the development of open source AI models, taking into account the appropriate safeguards, including state-of-the-art model architectures, foundational models and agentic frameworks and to prioritise the development of an open source software stack for AI Factories and AIGFs; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 14. Digital dimension: no. ### 15. Action item 720015 Cybersecurity: open source cyber threat intelligence frameworks, tooling for vulnerability coordination and disclosure, assurance and verification tools to strengthen the security of widely used open source components and support compliance with the Cyber Resilience Act. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 15. Digital dimension: no. ### 16. Action item 720016 mainstream open source deployment in the Apply AI strategy calls, focusing on strategic sectors such as automotive, energy, mobility, healthcare and pharmaceuticals, agri-food, robotics, manufacturing, geospatial and aerospace; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 16. Digital dimension: no. ### 17. Action item 720017 support industrial collaboration platforms where competitors jointly develop open source building blocks78 to create common software stacks and increase the overall efficiency of digital transformation, as demonstrated, among others, in the automotive79, aviation, and railway sectors80 Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 17. Digital dimension: no. ### 18. Action item 720018 Developing a ‘stewardship toolkit’ (on legal set-up, branding, interface usability, business models) for the establishment of associations/foundations in the EU; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 18. Digital dimension: no. ### 19. Action item 720019 Identifying priority areas/sectors and financial support for creating steward organisations, as proposed in the CADA Regulation; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 19. Digital dimension: no. ### 20. Action item 720020 Supporting the establishment of a European Digital Public Infrastructure Steward Organisation, in close cooperation with the Digital Commons EDIC and the eID open source communities. The aim is to provide a single EU-anchored home to govern strategic open source assets developed or co-funded by the EU, beyond code stewardship and reference framework implementation and conformance. This Steward Organisation could also serve as a channel to feed in experience in implementing European assets into European and international standardisation processes; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 20. Digital dimension: no. ### 21. Action item 720021 Launching a feasibility study on establishing an EU-level framework that would identify the most suitable measures the Commission could implement to enable European foundations/associations to be governed by a single set of rules across the single market; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 21. Digital dimension: no. ### 22. Action item 720022 Amplifying the voice of open source communities and their representativeness in the public space and supporting the set-up of professional association(s) for open source contributors. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 22. Digital dimension: no. ### 23. Action item 720023 expedite the development of voluntary security-attestation programmes under Article 25 of the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) and create a voluntary EU assessment framework for open source, attesting compliance of the solutions with key EU security rules and providing a qualitative assessment; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 23. Digital dimension: no. ### 24. Action item 720024 build on the concept of dependency analysis under the CRA, by creating, with the support of ENISA, a list of most exposed open source software and infrastructure dependencies85; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 24. Digital dimension: no. ### 25. Action item 720025 create an ‘Open Source Maintenance Instrument’ for supporting the maintenance and security upkeep of essential components, creating a European capacity and capability to fork projects; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 25. Digital dimension: no. ### 26. Action item 720026 support, with the help of ENISA, a strategic contingency programme setting up mirroring and build capabilities, including for source code and software packages, to ensure continued access where there are the most critical and security-relevant dependencies; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 26. Digital dimension: no. ### 27. Action item 720027 promote the use of trustworthy AI in experimental settings, such as support to self- healing mechanisms that improve the swift detection and secure remediation of vulnerabilities in open source software; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 27. Digital dimension: no. ### 28. Action item 720028 support efforts to increase the security of AI-generated open source code, as the trade-off between development speed and security may introduce a high rate of inherent design flaws that could lead to systemic vulnerabilities. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 28. Digital dimension: no. ### 29. Action item 720029 master programmes on collaborative open source development, on integrating open source software skills, community governance and sustainability models, following successful precedents in the Digital Europe programme; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 29. Digital dimension: no. ### 30. Action item 720030 learner mobility, under the 2027 Erasmus+ programme, to develop awareness and expertise in open source principles and methodologies, and cooperation partnerships amongst organisations to promote the use of open source solutions; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 30. Digital dimension: no. ### 31. Action item 720031 skills training for civil servants on open source and digital interoperability by further expanding the training provided by the Interoperable Europe Academy Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 31. Digital dimension: no. ### 32. Action item 720032 developing, building on the experience of Member States96 and on the upcoming review of the public procurement rules and the CADA, guidelines and best practices on: Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 32. Digital dimension: no. ### 33. Action item 720033 i) drafting calls for tenders for the procurement of software that include open standards, specifications and models and allow open source solutions to compete with proprietary solutions; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 33. Digital dimension: no. ### 34. Action item 720034 ii) evaluating bids based on open source solutions; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 34. Digital dimension: no. ### 35. Action item 720035 iii) drafting calls for innovative partnerships for open source alternatives including provisions for prototypes and maintenance97; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 35. Digital dimension: no. ### 36. Action item 720036 promoting the participation of open source developers in policy labs shared by practitioners and policymakers to increase both contribution of open source experts into policymaking and awareness and compliance with EU policies. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 36. Digital dimension: no. ### 37. Action item 720037 draw up a coherent set of operational guidance consolidating existing legal, security, architectural and technical practices for adopting, developing and publishing open digital assets and services; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 37. Digital dimension: no. ### 38. Action item 720038 strengthen the Open Source Programme Office and EU Public Sector OSPO Network and relevant mechanisms under the Interoperable Europe Act as central hubs for guidance and organisational learning, including compiling a catalogue of services that support the adoption, development and publication of open digital assets; Member States are also encouraged to give their OSPOs advisory tasks with regard to public procurement processes; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 38. Digital dimension: no. ### 39. Action item 720039 enhance the visibility, reuse and strategic resilience of open digital assets to improve discoverability and systematic reuse across Commission departments, EU bodies and Member States; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 39. Digital dimension: no. ### 40. Action item 720040 cooperate with European Digital Infrastructure Consortia (EDICs) such as IMPACTS and the Digital Commons EDICs and other groups to jointly identify and develop key open digital assets (such as DCAT-AP); Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 40. Digital dimension: no. ### 41. Action item 720041 develop and enforce common security baselines for the Commission’s open source code repositories covering security monitoring, vulnerability management, licence compliance and automated dependency risk detection. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 41. Digital dimension: no. ### 42. Action item 720042 Strengthen its internal communities98 and develop skills in open collaboration. It will integrate open digital ecosystem competencies for the public administration into training and professional development programmes and highlight meaningful contributions to open Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 42. Digital dimension: no. ### 43. Action item 720043 source, open data, open science and standards development in its recognition mechanisms. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 43. Digital dimension: no. ### 44. Action item 720044 Enable structured and secure participation in European open ecosystems for the public administration clarifying and simplifying rules for participation in external open source and open knowledge communities. It will step up cooperation with other EU institutions and Member States through a structured EU OSPO Network within the Interoperable Europe Community. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 44. Digital dimension: no. ### 45. Action item 720045 Expand engagement with innovation communities both at European and global level. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 45. Digital dimension: no. ### 46. Action item 720046 embed the goals of openness and sovereignty-by-design in digital investments and project lifecycles by integrating structured assessment criteria into governance checks and maturity frameworks to ensure that control, interoperability, portability and sustainability considerations are systematically evaluated from the earliest design stages; Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 46. Digital dimension: no. ### 47. Action item 720047 review and update the digital-ready policymaking framework to further integrate openness, interoperability and sovereignty considerations, and encourage open source reference implementation, ensuring that legislative and strategic initiatives promote reusable, interoperable and transparent digital solutions. Provenance: source document doc-105, paragraph 47. Digital dimension: no. ## Referenced entries - [Chips Act 2.0]() — status: in progress. The review will sharpen Europe’s semiconductor strategy for the AI era, addressing gaps in leading-edge capacity and ecosystem resilience. It will prioritise energy-efficient, secure AI chips; streamline State-aid pathways; improve monitoring of supply-chain vulnerabilities and technology-leakage risks; and better coordinate EU-national programmes. Leveraging the Chips Joint Undertaking and EuroHPC, it will back new fabs and advanced packaging lines and tie support to strategic projects. The review aligns with the AI Continent agenda (i.e. powering AI Factories and forthcoming Gigafactories and setting requirements for European AI semiconductors) within a renewed, more coherent EU funding framework. Source document doc-105, action item 720010: > Semiconductors: to develop, under the Chips Act 2.0, open source hardware IP such as the one based on RISC-V , targeted investment in open source electronic design automation tools; operating systems: computer operating systems, mobile operating systems, internet of things, robotics and drone operating systems; - [Cloud and AI Development Act (CADA)]() — status: in progress. This law will close Europe’s compute gap by tripling data-centre capacity within 5–7 years and meeting economy-wide needs by 2035, underpinning AI development and sovereign cloud services. It will harmonise cloud policy, set minimum criteria (including for a narrow set of highly critical use cases run on highly secure EU-based cloud), and streamline permitting, site designation and access to energy/water, ensuring geographically balanced rollout. The Act will spur R&I in resource-efficient data centres, enable targeted support consistent with State-aid rules, and complement AI Factories/Gigafactories and the Chips Act ecosystem. Source document doc-105, action item 720002: > Increase awareness of the EU sovereign tech solutions available, including by mobilising European, national and regional support networks (such asthe Enterprise Europe Network). This includes providing tools for private and public organisations to assess the sovereignty of their digital value chains, building on existing initiatives and the sovereignty framework introduced by the Cloud and AI Development Act. - [AI Factories]() — status: not recorded. Open, EU-wide hubs built around EuroHPC supercomputers that bundle AI-optimised compute, data storage, programming support and talent to develop frontier models and applications. Startups, SMEs, researchers and public bodies get streamlined one-stop access to computing time, data labs linked to Common European Data Spaces, and services for testing, validation and skills—cutting training from months to weeks and lowering costs. The first 13 Factories across 17 Member States are networked, with AI Factory Antennas extending reach. EuroHPC will provide a single entry point and procure AI-dedicated systems in 2025/26, tripling Europe’s available AI capacity. Source document doc-105, action item 720014: > AI stack: to focus on the development of open source AI models, taking into account the appropriate safeguards, including state-of-the-art model architectures, foundational models and agentic frameworks and to prioritise the development of an open source software stack for AI Factories and AIGFs; - [Apply AI Strategy]() — status: delivered. The Strategy adopts an “AI-first” approach to accelerate adoption across flagship sectors (including health, robotics, manufacturing, defence/space, mobility, telecoms, energy, environment, agri-food, and culture/media) backed by around €1 billion from EU programmes to catalyse deployment. It tackles cross-cutting barriers by turning EDIHs into AI Experience Centres for SMEs, building frontier capabilities via a new Frontier AI initiative, and providing clear, practical support for AI Act compliance through guidance and a Service Desk. Governance is unified through an Apply AI Alliance and an AI Observatory to set KPIs and monitor impact, complemented by the AI in Science and Data Union strategies. Source document doc-105, action item 720016: > mainstream open source deployment in the Apply AI strategy calls, focusing on strategic sectors such as automotive, energy, mobility, healthcare and pharmaceuticals, agri-food, robotics, manufacturing, geospatial and aerospace; - [European Business Wallet]() — status: in progress. It will provide a legally recognised digital identity for economic operators, enabling companies to share verified data and credentials across borders and receive notifications in a secure channel. Built on BRIS and the European Unique Identifier, and aligned with the EU Digital Identity Wallet rollout and the Once-Only Technical System, it replaces document-heavy compliance with interoperable, data-based exchanges. The Wallet is a cornerstone of the Single Market simplification agenda and the EU Startup & Scaleup Strategy, lowering costs for SMEs, easing licensing and reporting, and making cross-border operations seamless, turning digital-by-default rules into practice across the EU business lifecycle. Source document doc-105, action item 720003: > Promote the development and uptake of open source solutions across the EU Digital Identity ecosystem, anchored by the Identity Wallet (EUID) and the European Business Wallet (EBW). The Commission will: ## Current developments Latest updates from Digital Policy Alert and Global Trade Alert. No reviewed developments available; this does not establish that no developments exist. ## Associated policy priorities - [Infrastructure & Strategic Resources]() ## Broader policy context (shared priority; not a direct citation) - [Action Plan on Affordable Energy]() — status: delivered. The Affordable Energy Action Plan seeks to lower energy costs while supporting competitiveness, security and sustainability for households and businesses. Its actions cover electricity bills and supply, gas markets, energy efficiency, completion of the Energy Union, tripartite agreements for industry, security of supply and price-crisis preparedness. The Commission presented the plan as part of the Clean Industrial Deal, and says delivery also depends on measures by EU countries. - [Battery Booster Strategy]() — status: delivered. Battery Booster plans use Innovation Fund and InvestEU support to reinforce the European battery value chain from raw materials to cell manufacturing. Measures include EUR 1 billion in grants for electric vehicle battery-cell projects, EUR 1.5 billion in interest-free Battery Booster Facility loans, and funding of up to EUR 300 million for critical raw-material projects. It also covers strategic-project calls, investment conditions, supply-chain diversification, EU content requirements and research on battery concepts, materials and manufacturing technologies. - [Digital Networks Act (DNA)]() — status: in progress. This law will build a true Single Market for connectivity by harmonising authorisations and spectrum policy, enabling cross-border services and a coordinated path to 6G. It modernises the telecom rulebook to spur investment in fibre, 5G and cloud/edge networks, integrates satellite services, and tackles market fragmentation that keeps Europe split into various national markets. It will streamline permits, clarify open-internet rules for innovative services, support copper switch-off and cloud-based network transformation, and target up to a 50% reduction in reporting burdens. A stronger EU governance model will replace patchwork oversight, boosting resilience, security and scale for operators and users. - [Electrification Action Plan]() — status: delivered. This plan will accelerate cost-effective, system-friendly electrification to lower energy costs, boost competitiveness and cut emissions. It tackles supply and demand across industry, transport and buildings, and will run in parallel with a Heating & Cooling Strategy. Delivery focuses on reliability and flexibility, expanding and digitalising grids, scaling storage and demand response, deepening cross-border integration, and encouraging new demand near clean generation. Policy levers will improve the electricity-to-fossil price ratio (i.e. energy taxation, network tariffs, removing non-energy charges) while mobilising financing, manufacturing capacity and skills along the value chain. Progress will be tracked using KPIs, including raising electricity’s share of final energy toward 32–33% by 2030. - [Energy Digitalisation Forum]() — status: forthcoming. EU digitalisation work on energy focuses on deploying digital solutions and European sovereign AI for grid optimisation, efficiency in buildings and industry, and demand-side flexibility. The strategic roadmap also addresses data centres' integration into the energy system and challenges linked to AI in critical infrastructure. It is accompanied by work on AI models for power grids and data sharing between energy and digital stakeholders. - [Energy Union Package]() — status: forthcoming. The EU will deepen its Energy Union to deliver affordable, clean energy through stronger governance and integration. Therefore, the Commission will launch an Energy Union Task Force, publish a White Paper on electricity-market integration, revise the Governance Regulation, and present a Clean Energy Investment Strategy, a Nuclear Illustrative Programme (PINC), and a Fusion Strategy. It will table an Electrification Action Plan, a Roadmap for Digitalisation and AI in the Energy Sector, and a Heating & Cooling Strategy to accelerate electrification, flexibility and efficiency. A revised energy-security framework will enhance stability and resilience, informed by lessons from the energy crisis. - [EU Critical Raw Materials Centre]() — status: forthcoming. The EU will establish the Platform to aggregate industrial demand, coordinate tenders, and secure diversified supplies for strategic value chains. Building on AggregateEU and complementing the Critical Raw Materials Act, the platform will align procurement across sectors, lower transaction costs for SMEs, and leverage EU and national de-risking tools. A dedicated EU Critical Raw Materials Centre will provide the purchasing backbone, organising joint buying for interested firms with Member States, coordinating strategic stockpiles, monitoring supply chains, and designing financial products for upstream projects in the EU and partner countries. - [EU Framework for Simplified Cross-Border Energy Data Exchange]() — status: forthcoming. The Strategic Roadmap for Digitalisation and AI in the Energy Sector, adopted by the Commission on 3 June 2026, lists as a flagship action the establishment of an EU framework for simplified cross-border energy data exchange for smart energy services and AI model training. The Commission says the core challenge is the absence of a coherent EU approach for trusted, cross-border energy data exchange. It says it will coordinate actions to streamline and simplify energy-specific data exchange in order to support cross-border smart energy services and sovereign AI, and that better exchange of energy data can help activate flexibility from electric vehicles, heat pumps, batteries and controllable demand. The roadmap says the work will build on stakeholder recommendations on data exchange for smart energy services published on 20 May. - [EU Open Internet Stack]() — status: not recorded. The Open Internet Stack Initiative will fund development of end-user applications and underlying technologies for European sovereign digital commons. It has over €40 million dedicated within two Horizon Europe calls worth €307.3 million under the 'Digital, Industry and Space' cluster. The calls also support trustworthy AI, data services, robotics, quantum technologies, photonics and virtual worlds. Businesses, public administrations, academia and other entities from Member States and partner countries can apply until 15 April 2026. - [EU Space Act]() — status: in progress. The law will establish a single, harmonised regulatory framework for the safety, resilience, and environmental sustainability of space activities across the Union. It aims to overcome the fragmentation caused by 13 divergent national space laws across Europe, ensuring a predictable internal market for space services and space-based data. The Act introduces uniform authorisation and registration rules, tailored cybersecurity and debris-mitigation obligations, and a common environmental footprint methodology. By providing legal certainty and reducing regulatory complexity, it will strengthen the competitiveness of EU space operators, foster innovation in the New Space sector, and position Europe as a global standard-setter in space governance. - [EuroHPC Amendment for AI Gigafactories and Quantum]() — status: in progress. Proposed changes to the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking would provide a legal basis for AI Gigafactories and broaden its quantum remit. The facilities would support the development, training and deployment of large AI models for researchers, public-sector users, start-ups and industry, subject to access conditions. The quantum provisions cover research, innovation, infrastructure, skills, industrial capability, competence centres and links with classical high-performance computing. - [European Critical Communication System (EUCCS)]() — status: forthcoming. The Commission will propose legislation to interconnect Member States’ next-generation critical communications used by police, civil protection, emergency medical, border and security authorities. EUCCS will set harmonised requirements for operational mobility, strong resilience and strategic autonomy, enabling secure cross-border voice/data, priority services and roaming, including satellite back-up via IRIS². It will modernise national systems, ensure interoperability and encrypted communications, and support crisis coordination from terrorism to large-scale disasters. Governance will link with the Preparedness Union’s all-hazards approach and ERCC, with EU-funded pilots building capabilities using European providers. - [European Grids Package]() — status: delivered. The European Grid Package will fast-track expansion and modernisation of transmission and distribution networks, deepening market integration and lowering bills. It streamlines TEN-E, accelerates permitting — including environmental assessments — and mandates integrated, cross-border planning with effective cost-sharing, focusing on interconnectors and distribution grids. It prioritises digitalisation, flexibility and efficient use of existing assets, while increasing visibility of manufacturing supply needs. An EIB “grids manufacturing package” (≈€1.5 bn) will underpin EU component capacity, and an “Energy Highways” effort will tackle critical bottlenecks. Together, the measures unlock renewables and storage, strengthen security of supply, and support electrification at least cost. - [RESourceEU Action Plan]() — status: delivered. RESourceEU is intended to reduce critical-raw-material supply risks through finance, faster permitting, recycling, diversification and international partnerships. A CRM financing hub aims to mobilise EUR 3 billion within 12 months, while Horizon Europe calls of EUR 593 million and EUR 100 million of blended European Innovation Council finance support its objectives. The plan also backs projects in Greenland and Germany, raw-material matchmaking, stockpiling, export-scrap measures, foreign-investment controls and standards-based markets. - [Smart Meter Regulation]() — status: forthcoming. EU requirements for smart meters are intended to give consumers timely access to consumption data and dynamic electricity-price contracts, while helping networks manage changing supply and demand. The Commission has established interoperability requirements and procedures for non-discriminatory, transparent data access to support customer switching, retail competition and consumer choice. Smart meters also give network operators better information for investment planning and infrastructure management. - [Strategic Roadmap for Digitalisation and AI in the Energy Sector]() — status: delivered. The roadmap would connect digitalisation and AI with energy-system performance, data-centre integration and security. It proposes a model tripartite agreement for data centres, an EU rating scheme, smart-grid indicators, greater smart-meter coverage and AI models for grid management and permitting. It also envisages a framework for cross-border energy-data exchange, risk assessment for solar installations, an Energy Digitalisation Forum, a Fuel Observatory and a Better Energy Data initiative. - [Vision for the European Space Economy]() — status: delivered. Vision for the European Space Economy proposes common technical standards, more coordinated single-market procedures and assistance for operators complying with EU rules. Delivered through the EU Space Act, measures include support for space-traffic-management services, mutual recognition of rules with third countries and strengthened space research and innovation. A long-term plan addresses multi-source supply for 47 identified critical space technologies, alongside updated roadmaps intended to strengthen the security and resilience of EU satellite and space infrastructure. --- [Reading guide and interpretation notes]() · [Methodology]()